space
noun
the designed and structured surface of a picture: In Mondrian's later work he organized space in highly complex rhythms; the illusion of depth on a two-dimensional surface.

• two-dimensional and three-dimensional space
• creating space with different sized and overlapping shapes
• linear perspective
• atmospheric perspective

Space

Actual space is a three-dimensional volume that can be empty or filled with objects.

It has height, width, and depth.

Space that appears three-dimensional in a painting is an illusion that creates a feeling of actual depth.

Various techniques can be used to show such visual depth or space.

Robert Henri - "Snow in New York", 1902